Most modern cameras come with a flash that is already on the camera when taking an image with the flash pointed straight at your subject it can make them look over exposed but there are things you can do to reduce the amount of flash that comes out of your flash by using a diffuser. When using a diffuser it can help to eliminate harsh light and shadows and make the image you're photographing appear more natural.
In this image you can see the left photograph was taken with direct light the flash is harsh on the subjects face and also creates shadow on the back wall while the picture of the right gives a much more natural look when the diffuser has been used also it has softened the shadows in the background making them appear not as harsh as they did when the diffuser wasn't used.
Edith Amituanai is a New Zealand photographer her parents moved to N.X from Samoa int he 1960s and settled in Christchurch. Edith extended family and immediate community are the main subjects for Edith she also works closely with relations of hers that live in Christchurch and relatives in West Auckland.
Edith is mostly recognised for her portraiture work which is similar to documentary photography, Edith also likes to photograph interiors with no people present and then uses that interior as a setting for a portrait.
Edith Amituanai has been finalised for a number of awards and her first solo exhibition was held at the Anna Miles gallery in Auckland in 2005 and later that year she was the youngest artist to have work in the publication contemporary New Zealand photographers.
Here you can see that a flash was used to take the image while there is light falling onto the subject you can see from the flash that shadows were made with there being shadows from the cups that she's holding as well as her shadow on the cabinet there are also shadows on the roof. I think the flash is been pointed directly on the subject with the flashing bouncing off her and onto everything around her.
In this image the flash wasted to correctly expose the subject while making the background appear under exposed. The flash here has really made the sky look good I like the colours is has created a light pink colour while there is still dark spots of dark blue. You can see how the subject is correctly exposed and the flash has made him appear more then the anything else in this image.
Nan Goldin is an American photographer who works and lives in New York, Berlin and Paris. Goldin had a very difficult upbringing with her older sister committing suicide she ended up running away started doing drugs and alot of other things she found a substitute family of her own which were a group of alienated young men and woman involved in drugs, sex and violence.
Nan Goldins first published work was in black and white of transvestites and transsexuals. In 1974 Nan Goldin studied art at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston this is where she made hundreds of colour transparencies of herself, and her friends lying or sitting in bed, sexual play, those recovering from physical violence or injecting themselves with drugs.
In this image you can see that the flash was used with the right side of the subjects face lit up by the flash you can also see that it is coming from the right side because the corner of the mirror has also been brightened by the flash on the camera. There are also shadows on the back wall in this image which means the light has bounced to create light on the wall as well as the shadows.
Here the flash has been composed so that it is directly on the subjects face you can also see the light from the flash on the back wall behind the subject the flash has also made a reflection on the bottom of the bath tub the reflection from the water falling onto the bath tub as well. And it brings light into the subjects skin making it appear bright.
nan goldin photography website
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nan_Goldin
http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/mar/23/nan-goldin-photographer-wanted-get-high-early-age
book research
Woman photographers
from Julia Margaret Cameron to Cindy Sherman
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